comparative table of runic orthography

phoneme	/i(ː)/	/i/	/e(ː)/	/e/	/æː/	/æ/	/y(ː)/	/øː/	/ø/	/u(ː)/	/u/	/o(ː)/
u.s. approximation	feeling	feeling	playdatee	playdatee	crabapple	crabapple	amusingy	fervorø	fervorø	bluetooth	bluetooth	lord
general usage	i	i, e, æ	a, æ		æ, ę	e	y	ø, ö, œ		u	u, o	o
elder fuþark	ᛁ		ᛖ		——					ᚢ		ᛟ
anglo fuþorc	ᛁ, ᛇ				ᚫ		ᚣ	ᛟ				ᚩ
old norse latin	i		e		æ	ę	y	œ	ø	u		o
younger fuþark	ᛁ				ᛅ, ᚬ		ᚢ					ᚢ, ᚬ
medieval runes	ᛁ	ᛅ	ᛂ	ᛅ			ᚤ, ᛦ	ᚯ		ᚢ	ᚮ
phoneme	/æ(:)ɑ/	/a(ː)/	/ɑ(ː)/	/ɑ/	/ɒ(ː)/	/ɑ̃(ː)/	/æi/	/ɒu/	/ɐy/	/øy/	/i(:)o/?, /e(:)o/?	/Vː/
u.s. approximation	hacksaw	saga	frost	godawful	crawl	wrongn	happy	ballroom	bayouy	virtueø,y	week old, day old	——
general usage	ea	a		a, æ	ǫ, o, a	a	ei, ęi, æi	au	——	ey, øy	io?, eo?	V, V́, VV
elder fuþark	——	ᚨ	——									V
anglo fuþorc	ᛠ	——	ᚪ		——						ᛡ
old norse latin	——		a		ǫ	a	ei	au	——	ey	——	V́
younger fuþark	——		ᛅ		ᛅ, ᛅᚢ, ᚬ	ᚬ	——	ᛅᚢ		ᚢ	——	V
medieval runes			ᛆ				ᛅᛁ	ᛆᚢ		ᚯᛦ
phoneme	/p(ː)/	/b(ː)/	/ɸ/	/f/	[v]	/t(ː)/	/d(ː)/	/θ/	[ð]	/s(ː)/	[ts]	/z/
u.s. approximation	pack	boar	hopefulɸ	fox	raven	tale	deer	thorn	feather	squirrel	gutsy	dazed
general usage	p	b	f		ff, u, ffu	t	d	þ, th	ð, dh, d	s	z
elder fuþark	ᛈ	ᛒ	ᚠ		——	ᛏ	ᛞ	ᚦ		ᛊ, ᛋ	ᛏᛊ, ᛏᛋ	ᛉ
anglo fuþorc			——	ᚠ						ᛋ, ᚴ	ᛏᛋ, ᛏᚴ	ᛋ, ᚴ
old norse latin	p	b		f		t	d	þ	ð	s	z	——
younger fuþark	ᛒ			ᚠ	ᚢ	ᛏ		ᚦ		ᛋ		——
medieval runes	ᛔ	ᛒ			ᚡ	ᛐ	ᛑ	ᚦ	ᚧ	ᛌ
phoneme	/st/	/tʃ/Æ	/kʲ/	/k/			[kw]	[ks]	/ɡ(ː)/	[ɣ]	[ɡs]	/j/
u.s. approximation	stone	witch	heck yeah	crow			quill	axe	goat	say yesɣ	dogsitter	year
general usage	st	c		k, c	c̄Æ, k̄Æ	q	qu, qv, kv	xL	g	gh	gx	i, j, g
elder fuþark	ᛊᛏ, ᛋᛏ	——	ᚲᛃ	ᚲ			ᚲᚹ	ᚲᛊ, ᚲᛋ	ᚷ	——	ᚷᛊ, ᚷᛋ	ᛃ
anglo fuþorc	ᛥ	ᚳ		ᚳ, ᛣ	ᛤ	ᛢL		ᛉ	ᚷ, ᚸ		ᚷᛋ, ᚷᚴ, ᚸᛋ, ᚸᚴ	ᛡ, ᛄ, ᚷ
old norse latin	st	——		k	——		kv	x	g		gs	j
younger fuþark	ᛋᛏ	——	ᚴᛁ	ᚴ			ᚴᚢ	ᚴᛋ	ᚴ		ᚴᛋ	ᛁ
medieval runes	ᛌᛏ							ᚴᛌ	ᚵ		ᚵᛌ
phoneme	/w/	/h/	[x]	[ç]	/m(ː)/	/n(ː)/	/ŋ/	/ŋg/Æ	/r(ː)/, /ɾ/?	/ɽ(ː)/, /ɽ/?	/l(ː)/	/lː/	/Cː/
u.s. approximation	wolf	hag	loch nessx	itchyç	moose	north	sing	finger	metalr	starlingɹ	longship	feel lovely	——
general usage	u, v, ƿ, ꝩ	h			m	n	ng, ŋ		r		l	ꝇ	CC, C
elder fuþark	ᚹ	ᚺ, ᚻ	——		ᛗ	ᚾ	ᛜ	——	ᚱ	——	ᛚ		C
anglo fuþorc		ᚻ, ᚺ, ᛇ					ᛝ
old norse latin	v	h	——		m	n	——		r		l	ll	CC
younger fuþark	ᚢ	ᚼ	——		ᛘ	ᚾ	ᚾᚴ	——	ᚱ	ᛦ	ᛚ		C
medieval runes						ᚿ	ᚿᚵ			ᛧ			C, CC
e: /e/ really only exists in diphthongs in general american. try saying "stay" without the /i/, or "ee" sound at the very end y: /y/ is made by rounding the lips while making an /i/ sound. like saying the word "we", without moving your lips from the "w" shape ø: /ø/ is made by rounding the lips while making an /e/ sound. like saying the word "weigh" without moving your lips from the "w" shape n: a nasalized vowel is when you allow some air to pass through your nose, like making a stereotypical french laugh ɸ: /ɸ/ is made by pushing air through nearly touching lips. like trying to make the /f/ sound without letting your lip touch your teeth ɣ: /ɣ/ is made by trying to make the /g/ sound without letting your tongue touch the roof of your mouth x: /x/ is like the /h/ sound, but with the back of your tongue nearly touching the front of your uvula ç: /ç/ is like the /h/ and /x/ sounds, but with the middle of your tongue nearly touching the roof of your mouth r: americans don't pronounce our "r's" this way like most users of the latin alphabet; but we do use it in words where t, tt, d, & dd are between vowels ɹ: this is like the rhotic general american "r", but with the tip of the tongue curled backward
Æ: chiefly old english L: primarily for latin transcription